This work examines the manifestations of the maternal figure in a significant corpus of narrative and theatrical works, namely those of Lorca and Pirandello. The interdisciplinary study utilizes research in psychoanalysis, sociology and the history of the religion in its analysis. In Part I, the author points out the numinous elements of the maternal figure represented by selected artists - motifs of the good mother, of the terrible mother, of the water, fire and earth's maternity, of the absent mother and of the double mother. Part II focuses upon Federico Garcia Lorca's 'dramas rurales', Bodas de sangre, Yerma and La casa de Bernarda Alba, underlining the various aspects of the female representation. The most important elements of the female images in Luigi Pirandello's theatre constitute Part III. The author examines archetypical works such as, La nuova colonia, Lazzaro, I giganti della montagna.